Nontypeable nthi does not express capsule and is associated with invasive and non. Haemophilus influenzae formerly called pfeiffers bacillus or bacillus influenzae is a gramnegative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the pasteurellaceae family. Investigations into genome diversity of haemophilus. Putative essential genes are identified by two methods. Identification of haemophilus influenzae serotype e. Pdf 3 wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd,science 69. This approach eliminates the need for initial mapping efforts and is therefore applicable to the vast array of. Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae nthi sciencedirect. Genome sequencing of disease and carriage isolates of.
The bacterium haemophilus influenzae is a gramnegative coccobaccilli. Haemophilus influenzae rd kw20 has virulence properties. Haemophilus influenzae is a humanadapted commensal and pathogen that can cause mucosal infections such as sinusitis, otitis media and bronchitis. Bakteerin kuvaili ensimmaisen kerran saksalainen bakteriologi richard pfeiffer vuonna 1892 influenssapandemian aikaan. Within the 10 years following the publication of the first bacterial genome the 1. Fleischmann rd 1, adams md, white o, clayton ra, kirkness ef, kerlavage ar, bult cj, tomb jf, dougherty ba, merrick jm, et al. Research article wholegenome random sequencing and. The socalled shotgun sequencing technique which was used, for example, by the institute for genomic research tigr to sequence the first bacterial genome, haemophilus influenzae generates the sequences of many thousands of small dna fragments ranging from 35 to 900 nucleotides long, depending on the sequencing technology.
The ability to perform rapid, highthroughput whole genome sequencing using benchtop platforms represents a stepchange in capabilities for diagnostic and public health microbiology laboratories. It is able to meet the requirements of its relatively simple lifestyle with a small genome 1. Genomic characterization of haemophilus influenzae. Research article wholegenome random sequencing and assembly. Genome sequencing of collections of isolates and classification of strains according to their genomic content are pivotal to the formulation of vaccines able to elicit broad protection. Nextgeneration sequencing technologies and their application. Draft genome sequences of three nontypeable strains of. It was first thought to be the causative agent of influenza as this microbe was discovered during an outbreak of influenza in 1892 2. Wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd, science, 269. A genome is an organisms complete set of dna, including all of its genes. Get the complete picture of the genome with whole genome sequencing wgs technology. Gnn genetics and genomics timeline genome news network. Haemophilus influenzae suomeksi toisinaan hemofilus on gramnegatiivinen kokkobasilli.
Fleischmann rd, adams md, white o, clayton ra, kirkness ef, kerlavage ar, bult cj, tomb jf, dougherty ba, merrick jm, et al. May 16, 2019 sequencing a bacterial genome or a small eukaryote is so fast and inexpensive today that a relatively small lab can easily afford the cost of deep wholegenome shotgun sequencing. Nontypeable nthi does not express capsule and is associated with invasive and noninvasive. Whole genome sequencing also known as wgs, full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing is ostensibly the process of determining the complete dna sequence of an organisms genome at a single time. We have developed a method for identifying essential genes by using an in vitro transposition system, with a small 975 bp insertional element containing an antibiotic resistance cassette, and mapping these inserts relative to the deduced open reading frames of haemophilus influenzae by pcr and southern analysis. In hierarchical sequencing, also known as topdown sequencing, a lowresolution physical map of the genome is made prior to actual sequencing.
Oct 12, 2019 haemophilus influenzae hi can cause invasive diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Twenty years of bacterial genome sequencing nature. The genomic era of bacteriology began in 1995 when the first bacterial genome haemophilus influenzae was sequenced using the sanger sequencing method 1. The success in sequencing of this microbial genome has proven that the shotgun method 2 is efficient enough for sequencing the whole genome not only of prokaryote but also more complex eukaryote species 3,4. Certain strains also cause bacteraemia and meningitis. For these reasons, other strategies that lowered the computational load of sequence assembly had to be utilized before shotgun sequencing was performed. Oct 23, 2017 wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd. Title wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd. For 85 of these strains where sufficient coverage had been attained, genome sequences of between 1.
After generating 100fold coverage in 100150 bp illumina reads, a scientist can assemble the data into a draft genome using any of several genome assemblers. Identification of haemophilus influenzae serotype e strains. The method that was successfully used to determine the complete genome sequence of h. Complete genome sequence of encapsulated haemophilus. Since the whole genome of haemophilus influenzae was sequenced 1, the object of dna sequencing has been turned from gene to genome. Haemophilus influenzae hi can cause invasive diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Table 1 were sequenced using the illumina gaii platform. Whole genome sequencing also known as wgs, full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing is the process of determining the complete dna sequence of an organisms genome at a single time. This approach eliminates the need for initial mapping efforts and is therefore applicable to the vast array of microbial species for.
Genomic sequence of an otitis media isolate of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. An approach for genome analysis based on sequencing and assembly of unselected pieces of dna from the whole chromosome has been applied to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence 1,830,7 base pairs of the genome from the bacterium haemophilus influenzae rd. Computational assembly for prokaryotic sequencing projects. Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a persistent human respiratory pathogen known to be involved in a range of acute and chronic respiratory diseases.
Before 1995, the largest genome sequenced with a random. Typeable hi includes six serotypes a through f, each expressing a unique capsular polysaccharide. Research article wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd robert d. A decade later, the introduction of highthroughput or nextgeneration sequencing ngs technologies allowed sequencing of bacterial genomes to be performed in days rather than months or years 2.
Now that the technology is available and the reliability of the data demonstrated, the speed and cost efficiency of whole genome shotgun sequencing has made it the primary method for genome sequencing. Highthroughput dna sequencing was used to investigate differences in genome content within this species. The process of extensive bac library creation and tiling path selection, however, make hierarchical shotgun sequencing slow and laborintensive. This entails sequencing all of an organisms chromosomal dna as well as dna contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast. Whole genome sequencing wgs roche sequencing solutions. Genomic dna sequence was obtained from 85 strains of h. An approach for genome analysis based on sequencing and assembly of unselected pieces of dna from the whole chromosome has been applied to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence 1,830, 7 base pairs of the genome from the bacterium haemophilus influenzae rd. A genome sequence is the complete list of the nucleotides a, c, g, and t for dna genomes that make up all the chromosomes of an individual or a species. Certain nontypeable haemophilus influenzae cannot be assigned a sequence type st by multilocus sequence typing mlst due to the lack of the fuck gene, one of seven mlst loci in h. As hib vaccines have no effect on infections due to nontypeable h. The chain termination method of dna sequencing sanger sequencing can only. Sequencing of nearly an entire human genome was first accomplished in 2000 partly through the use of shotgun sequencing technology. Rapid wholegenome sequencing of bacterial pathogens in the.
Wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd article pdf available in science 2695223. Dna data bank of japan ddbj for genome scale research in. Back to gnn home page genome news network is an editorially independent online publication of the j. Molecular nature of rapd markers from haemophilus influenzae. Nov 23, 2012 haemophilus influenzae is an important human commensal pathogen associated with significant levels of disease. Clinical isolates are genetically heterogeneous and are often recalcitrant to standard genetic manipulation. Firstgeneration sequencing dnasequencing and technology. Haemophilus haemolyticus interaction with host cells is different to nontypeable. Fleischmann rd, adams md, white o, clayton ra, kirkness ef et al. Whole genome sequencing also known as wgs, full genome sequencing, complete genome sequencing, or entire genome sequencing is a laboratory process that determines the complete dna sequence of an organisms genome at a single time. While full genome shotgun sequencing for small 40007000 base pair genomes was already in use in 1979, broader application benefited from pairwise end sequencing, known colloquially as doublebarrel shotgun sequencing. From this map, a minimal number of fragments that cover the entire chromosome are selected for sequencing. The life styles of the two bacteria are very different h.
The generation of diversity by haemophilus influenzae. As the cost of sequencing continues to decline, the challenge will be to define when and where to apply this technology. Haemophilus influenzae is an example of an organism found predominately in a single environmental niche. A wholegenome analysis framework for effective identification of pathogenic regulatory variants in mendelian disease. Within a species, the vast majority of nucleotides are identical between individuals, but sequencing multiple individuals is necessary to understand the genetic diversity. Wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd.
The first sequencing of a genome bacteriophage ms2 was reported in 1976 fiers et al. Fleischmann rd, adams md, white o, clayton ra, kirkness ef, kerlavage ar, et al. Here, we report the first annotated genome sequence of the hif strain kr494, which was isolated from a patient suffering from sepsis and necrotizing myositis. Download fulltext pdf identification of haemophilus influenzae rd transformation genes using cassette mutagenesis article pdf available in microbiology 145 pt 22. The aim of wholegenome sequencing wgs is to determine an organisms complete dna sequence in a single experiment, including a comprehensive picture of both the coding and noncoding regions. An approach for genome analysis based on sequencing and assembly of unselected pieces of dna from the whole chromosome has been applied to obtain the complete nucleotide sequence 1,830,7 base pairs of the genome. Since then, the genomes online database2 lists 2,264 finished bacterial genomes and 4,067 permanent draft genomes genomes that are sequenced but not completely closed. This is now the method of choice for sequencing of. The upcoming of comparative genomics would however be much later, starting with the whole genome sequencing of mycoplasma genitalium fraser et al. To confirm whether the loss of fuck is also found in the encapsulated strains, we analysed clinical isolates of h.
Whole genome sequencing of 85 strains of haemophilus spp. Mar 01, 2001 a shotgun sequencing strategy for wholegenome analysis is based on construction of a random cloned dna library from the microbe in question, followed by sequencing of dna clones, followed by the assembly of sequences, closing of gaps, editing of sequences, and finally annotation or assignment of function. The sequencing and assembly resulted in between 351. Wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus. Shotgun sequencing is a sequencing method designed for analysis of dna sequences longer than base pairs, up to and including entire chromosomes. In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random dna strands. Wholegenome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae. Encapsulated type b haemophilus influenzae hib was responsible for most of the invasive disease meningitis prior to the use of hib vaccines.
May 10, 2005 gene patenting is now a familiar commercial practice, but there is little awareness that several patents claim ownership of the complete genome sequence of a prokaryote or virus. Apr 08, 2014 several human pathogens exploit genomic variability to adapt to the host environment. Comparative analyses revealed significant differences in the gene contents including the presence of genes mediating antibiotic. Haemophilus influenzae serotype f hif is an etiologic agent of bacterial invasive disease. The majority of these have been deposited since 2008, after the commercial introduction of high. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi random firing pattern of a shotgun. Haemophilus influenzae is a small, nonmotile, gramnegative bacterium whose only science vol.
To investigate this mechanism, we cloned and sequenced 23 selected rapd bands amplified from haemophilus influenzae rd genomic dna using eight decamer primers different in gc content andor nucleotide sequence. We sequenced a collection of carriage and disease isolates of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, a component of the. Whole genome random sequencing and assembly of haemophilus influenzae rd. Metabolism and evolution of haemophilus influenzae deduced. The first sequenced bacterial genome was haemophilus influenzae1 in 1995. In contrast to genetics, which refers to the study of individual genes and their roles in inheritance, genomics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism. Whole genome sequencing wikipedia republished wiki 2. Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.