In defining the optimal slags, consideration is given to the effects of scrap quality, carbon injection, slag basicity and mgo content. In addition, as the furnace is switched on via a time ramp, all types of flickers and grid loading through rush currents are prevented. The average tube temperature in the radiant section is estimated to be 800 deg f. As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600. The ratio between the height and diameter of the furnace is 1. When engineers in the early 1950s were looking for alternatives to the siemensmartin and thomas steelmaking processes, they could not have imagined that they would initiate a revolution in steel manufacturing with the development of the linzdonawitz ld converter also known as the basic oxygen furnace bof. Jul 18, 2012 however, choice of fuel actually is one of the criteria that impacts the design the least, because both fuels require basically the same furnace design. There are a number of design factors when making a backyard foundry. If the co can be combusted to cosub 2, and the energy transferred to the metal, this reaction will reduce the energy consumed in the eaf and allow for more scrap melting in the bof which would significantly lower the energy required to. That is, there must be a pipe at the bottom of the furnace that admits either blown air, in the case of a charcoal burner, or the propane.
Basic oxygen furnaces bof slag is the main problem at all iron and steel factories. Furnace design considerations fabulous adventures in coding. This section introduces furnaces and refractories and explains the various design and operation aspects. If the co can be combusted to cosub 2, and the energy transferred to the metal, this reaction will reduce the energy consumed in the eaf and allow for more scrap melting in the bof which would significantly. The process uses as its major raw material, blast furnace iron, which will contain, to a varying degree, the elements carbon, silicon. Design analysis of an electric induction furnace for. The purpose of a refractory lining in a basic oxygen furnace bof is to provide maximum furnace availability during operation of the converter in. In this case, the converter gas, which is generated by oxygen blowing process, is cleaned. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking processes. Unless otherwise specified, the design duty shall be 110% of the furnace duty in the normal case. In case of design, all three options have been and continue to be utilized.
Calculations performed at oak ridge national laboratory indicate that the energy. Optimization of energy consumption in integrated blast. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. The following overview provides basic information necessary for a proper understanding of the problem of heat transfer. Electric arc furnace design operation and working principle. Oxygen is blown into the molten metal through water cooled lances. Aluminum bronze alloys to improve the system life of basic oxygen. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Pdf design of 120t converter furnace body researchgate. These improvements to the processing of scrap steel comprised of larger more efficient and higher capacity furnaces. Ladle refining is probably the most important part of steelmaking since it is here where the hot iron units from the furnace are changed into a salable high quality steel product. The purpose of a refractory lining in a basic oxygen furnace bof is to provide maximum furnace availability during operation of the converter in order to meet production requirements and to ensure lowest possible specific refractory consumption. We provide the professional services you need, from feasibility studies and environmental services to engineering, project management, process automation, or complete epcm project delivery. Co 2abatement measures and technologies for bofs and eafs are covered in chapters 7 and 8, respectively.
The management of this waste has become an important issue due to ever. Feb 25, 2016 basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The sample products fired in the furnace proved that the system operated successfully without problem. Air was blown into a furnace and the height of the furnace was increased. Therefore, this section is included as an introduction chapter, we can say as a refresher. The lime combines with the silicates, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides and ferrites to form. Pdf at present, the oxygen converter steelmaking equipment of largescale, production of continuous and. Design the radiant section of the furnace having a radiation section average flux of 12,000 btuhrft2. Ho scale basic oxygen furnacebof completed model photos. Typical basic oxygen furnace has a vertical vessel lined with refractory lining. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to arrive at specified chemical compositions and temperatures. Hot iron bof andor scrap metal eaf are the primary metals to make steel in each process. Optimization of post combustion in steelmaking trp 9925. Oxygen also combines with carbon, eliminating the impurities by gas collection.
Granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, electric arc furnace eaf slag, and basic oxygen furnace bof slag 1. Besides, required heat degree and the heat in the furnace have been traced on the screen of the control panel. The furnace body for 120t converter is designed in the paper. Converter carbon steelmaking solutions primetals technologies. Nov 14, 2016 the main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the steel temperature so that any further treatments prior to. Proceedings of the asme 2010 10th biennial conference on engineering systems design and analysis. Bof steel making process the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process converts hot metal, from blast furnace, and scrap into steel by exothermic oxidation of metalloids dissolved in the iron. Aug 09, 2014 created using powtoon free sign up at. Basic oxygen furnace bof a pearshaped furnace, lined with refractory. Project standards and specifications page 7 of 33 rev. It first melts metal in a furnace and second casts the molten metal in a mold, forming some useful shape as it solidifies. Manufacturing costs of steel and aluminum auto designs.
It reacts with the molten metal which heats up to a refining temperature, burns off the excess carbon and other impurities and also stirs the metal. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Here is a short youtube video, which outlines the purpose and process of the electric arc furnace. Converter carbon steelmaking primetals technologies. Although some heat is lost due to the heat extraction by the cooling water, this design makes possible less refractory consumption because they replace refractory linings and the use of high power.
I still have a little to do to my latest scratch build. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. Refractory lining of a basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. Fluxes are added to remove other unwanted elements yielding high quality steel. The heating and cooling effects introduced by the bogies are eliminated, so heat storage losses are 4. Model railroader is the worlds largest magazine on model trains and model railroad layouts. Steel is produced in two processes the basic oxygen furnace bof and the. In this case, the converter gas, which is generated by oxygen blowing process, is. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and impacts on sinter quality o. Data based modeling approach of iron and steelmaking. Electric energy consumption decreased down to 350 kwht for 100% scrap operations. Indeed, many of the reactions interfere with one another. Primetals technologies process automation implements these requirements, consequently leading to improved hitting rates for carbon and temperature, lower flux material consumptions, higher fe yields and optimized production times. Basic oxygen furnaces bof slag is the main problem at.
Detailed design and testing of this system are, however, outside the scope. The bof is fed liquid pig iron, almost always from blast furnaces, in amounts ranging from 65 to 90% of the total metallic charge. The scheme of a basic oxygen furnace bof is presented in the picture. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a highproductivity process to refine steel from a mixture of hot metal and scrap. Beehive ovens operate under negative pressure, eliminating byproducts by incinerating the. An introduction to the bof process bof basic oxygen furnaces or basic oxygen steelmaking contributes to the vast majority of world steel production. In the electric arc furnace eaf, and the basic oxygen furnace bof for producing steel, the major off gas is carbon monoxide co.
The electric arc furnace uses less energy, and would make the production process of steel making much more energy efficient. Make your own animated videos and animated presentations for free. Unless otherwise specified, the design duty shall be 110% of the furnace duty. Lining refractory an overview sciencedirect topics. Laboratory investigation of carbonated bof slag used as. Temperature at the bottom of the furnace was being increased until iron was melted. Steel furnace slag is produced in a bof basic oxygen furnace or an eaf electric arc furnace. Eliminate bof plant all together and replace it with the electric arc furnance. Although some heat is lost due to the heat extraction by the cooling water, this design makes possible less refractory consumption because they. Tufan1 1department of mining engineering, dokuz eylul university, 35160, izmir, turkey abstract.
Recycling of basic oxygen furnace bof sludge in iron and. These are removed in the basic oxygen furnace bof or electric arc furnace eaf, producing liquid steel. Optimization of energy consumption in integrated blast furnace and bof steelmaking process. Steelmaking slag beneficiation by magnetic separator and. Furnace size enlarged up to 350 t maximum, which together with the shortening of taptotap time, made possible to have more than 1 mtpy capacity with just one furnace. The furnace would be designed to accommodate a sufficient quantity of glass to be poured into molds of varying sizes. Improving the bof plant steel recycling project edesign 100. The openhearth furnace ohf uses the heat of combustion of gaseous or liquid fuels to convert a charge of scrap and liquid. Though it has been almost completely replaced by bof and eaf steelmaking in many highly industrialized countries, the open hearth nevertheless accounts for about onesixth of all steel produced worldwide. Bof gas cleaning the wet scrubbing technology on the basis of annular gap elements is not only stateoftheart for blast furnace plants, but also applicable for basic oxygen furnace plants bof converter. My main concerns lie inthe safety, durability, and efficiency. Moreover, this is constant in time, thus without shortterm fluctuations. The current furnace includes three watercooled parts. To optimize the design of wear lining, it is essential to develop a balanced lining, that is, a lining in which different refractory qualities and thicknesses are assigned to various zones of the converter lining on the basis of a careful study of the wear patterns.
The main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the steel temperature so that any further treatments prior to. The methodology used to analyze the alternative production routes is as follows. In principle, steelmaking is a melting, purifying, and alloying process carried out at approximately 1,600 c 2,900 f in molten conditions. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. Redesign the materials in a bof in lowwear areas or in the ladle chapter 1 steelmaking glossary adapted from american iron and steel institute. The furnace would weigh six hundred pounds empty, and sevenhundred and fiftypounds with a fullcharge of glass, depending upon the chemical composition of the glass used. Chemical energy increased at levels not far from those of basic oxygen furnace bofs. However, the high moisture content of the basic oxygen furnace bof sludge 3540% is a major obstacle in its recycling. The bf bof route uses published data for energy inputs and outputs throughout the steelmaking operation and compares data both computed by the authors and presented in doe report no. Only 812% of the furnace volume is filled with the treated molten metal. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The second world war saw a steep increase in the use of these furnaces leading to the modern electric arc furnace design operation and working principles. Scrap steel and lime is added to the molten iron and is poured into the basic oxygen furnace bof vessel. Mar 28, 20 refractory lining of a basic oxygen furnace.
It wasnt hard to build this type structure,i buddy of mine gave me schematics of a 1962 bof. Thereby iron production is divided into two stages. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A furnace is an equipment used to melt metals for casting or to heat materials to change their shape e. The kinds of metals you can cast is primarily a function of the heat of the furnace.
Basic oxygen furnace bof tuyeres and surrounding refractories development refractory materials are high temperature resistant ceramics used for lining metallurgical vessels. Furnace framework inconsidering the superstructure of the furnace, my main concern lieinthedurabilityand strengthrequired to support a tiltingfurnace. Charged material is heated to a liquid state by means of an. Of the several operating cases, the one in which the heater duty is the highest, shall be regarded as the normal case. Design and construction of an electrical furnace to fire. A link was established between slopping and various oeraticonditionsby draw1 ingon. Oxygen is blown into the furnace vessel through a watercooled oxygen lance oxidizing carbon and the other unwanted elements in the molten iron.
The melt was carburized and the manufactured iron ceased to be malleable. Design analysis of an electric induction furnace for melting. Mainly by finishing the bof downcomber pipe,by connecting the pipes together. Process design of furnaces project standards and specifications page 7 of 33 rev. The bfbof route uses published data for energy inputs and outputs throughout the steelmaking operation and compares data both computed by the authors and presented in doe report no. In the design shown in the diagram, the shaft, hood and ductwork have the. Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method. Asme 2010 10th biennial conference on engineering systems design and analysis, volume 1. Use of bof slag and blast furnace dust in asphalt concrete.
Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Pdf the basic oxygen furnace bof process is an exceedingly fast refining. The open hood design allows dilution air to be drawn into the hood, thus combusting the co in the.